Abstract (croatian) | Poremećaji prehrane podrazumijevaju trajno narušen odnos prema vlastitom tijelu i hrani, što uzrokuje destrukciju mentalnog i fizičkog zdravlja pojedinca, kao i disfunkcionalne društvene i obiteljske odnose. Anoreksija i bulimija nervoza su najzastupljeniji poremećaji prehrane. Njihov kronični oblik je ujedno i najteži oblik bolesti. Obilježja anoreksije nervoze su izgladnjivanje, odbojnost prema vlastitom izgledu i zadržavanju normalne tjelesne mase, a obilježja bulimije nervoze su unos prevelike količine hrane u kombinaciji s kompenzatornim mehanizmima, kao što su povraćanje, prekomjerno vježbanje i primjena laksativa. Kompulzivno prejedanje je ozbiljan i iscrpljujuć poremećaj kada osoba unosi enormne količine hrane u kratkom vremenskom periodu, uz prisutan osjećaj gubitka kontrole. Točan uzrok nastanka nije u potpunosti poznat, iako se o poremećajima prehrane govori i istražuje još iz povijesnih vremena. Smatra se da nastaju kao spoj psiholoških, socijalnih i bioloških faktora. To uključuje emocionalnu nestabilnost, genetiku, poremećaje ličnosti, društveni i obiteljski pritisak. Unatoč tome što je uglavnom zahvaćen ženski spol (10-30 godina), bolesti su sve češće zastupljene i u muškoj populaciji. Poznato je kako samo se u samo 30 % slučajeva oboljeli odluče potražiti stručnu pomoć. U radu s oboljelima od poremećaja prehrane potrebno je teorijsko i praktično znanje, terapijska komunikacija i kontinuirana edukacija u svrhu poboljšanja zdravstvenog statusa, promjene negativnih zdravstvenih ponašanja i povećanja kvalitete života oboljele osobe te uključenost multidisciplinarnog tima (liječnik, medicinska sestra, psiholog, nutricionist, psihijatar, fizioterapeut, radni terapeut). |
Abstract (english) | Eating disorders imply a permanently disturbed relationship to body and food, which causes the destruction of an individual's mental and physical health, as well as dysfunctional social and family relationships. Anorexia and bulimia nervosa are the most common eating disorders. Their chronic form is also the most severe form of the disease. The hallmarks of anorexia nervosa are starvation, aversion to one's own appearance and maintaining a normal body weight, and the hallmarks of bulimia nervosa are the intake of excessive amounts of food combined with compensatory mechanisms, such as vomiting, excessive exercise, and the use of laxatives. Compulsive overeating is a serious and debilitating disorder when a person consumes enormous amounts of food in a short period of time, accompanied by a sense of loss of control. The exact cause of its occurrence is not fully known, although eating disorders have been discussed and researched since historical times. It is considered that they arise as a combination of psychological, social and biological factors. These include emotional instability, genetics, personality disorders, social and family pressure. Despite the fact that the female sex (ages 10-30) is mostly affected, the diseases are increasingly present in the male population as well. It is known that in only 30% of cases, sufferers decide to seek professional help. The process of patient health care includes the approach of discovering and solving the patient's problems in the field of health care. Working with patients with eating disorders requires theoretical and practical knowledge, therapeutic communication and continuous education in order to improve health status, change negative health behaviors and increase the quality of life of the affected person which include multidisciplinary team (doctors, nurses, nutricionists, psychologist, psychiatrist, physiotherapist, occupational therapist). |